and reversing the religious settlement. It was estimated that Drake returned with approximately 400,000 of Spanish treasure from regular raids of Spanish ports in South America. The traditional bonds between England and Spain were deteriorating and England needed the support of France for protection from Spain. Elizabeth I (r.1558-1603) | The Royal Family Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. She managed these difficulties with great pragmatism and opportunism, reducing the threat of invasion. This aimed to ensure poor relief was collected. - rebelling of scottish lords. The Spanish had a greater army and Dudleys army was significantly smaller. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. Elizabeth I - Accession | Britannica How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. Overview of Elizabeth I / Moreover, a child would create more stability domestically and nullify challenges to the throne (like that from Mary Queen of Scots) as a political vacuum would have been filled. France was to be a constant thorn in the side of Elizabeth I throughout her reign. The new and updated summary of the British and American history Pope refused to accept the divorce and marriage and as a result Catholics in England in 1558 did not accept Elizabeth as a legitimate monarch. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. By instinct, Elizabeth was a This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. Register for free, Home / In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. West Yorkshire, 1589 | History of Parliament Online PDF History Paper 2 - Elizabeth Topic 1: Early threats and the Religious The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. Pope Pius V excommunicates Elizabeth from the Catholic Church. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Died: 24 March 1603. This increased tension between England and Spain. . This Papal Bull meant that the loyalty of English Catholics towards Elizabeth was now always in doubt and placed a wedge between the English Catholics monarch and their faith. Save. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). Throckmorton was tortured and although he confessed, was then killed. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. With no clear military successes for Dudley, he resigned his post in 1587 and returned to England. When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. LS23 6AD On the death of Mary and the accession of Elizabeth, many hard-line Protestants returned from mainland Europe (where they had fled for their own safety during the reign of Mary) in the full expectation that they were returning to a state where Protestantism was the one and only . To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and This pleased those eager for her to marry, but made many unhappy because they did not want her to marry a French Catholic. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. . "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - introduction. 2. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. As Phillip was a devout Catholic, he disliked Elizabeths religious settlement and Protestanism. The Spanish responded by doing the same to the English. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. Moreover, when Henry executed Anne Boleyn in 1536, Henry VIII himself declared Elizabeth illegitimate (although this situation was later reversed). Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. They were not able to do this because the English used their greater manoeuvrability to stay out of range while firing broadsides (massive barrages of cannonballs) that could sink the Spanish ships. She was a Protestant. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. Throughout her reign, Elizabeth was engaged in expensive financial issues, especially foreign policy. PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . In January 1558, the french conquered Calais, England's last remaining territory on the European mainland. Topic guides / It had to deal with Irish . After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. LS23 6AD 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. Many northern nobles were still committed Catholics and wanted to see the restoration of Catholicism under a Catholic monarch. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. Problems faced by Elizabeth I in 1558 - YouTube How successful was Elizabeth I in dealing with foreign policy - StudyMode In 1558, the same year Elizabeth became Queen of England, a number of CLO History: What problems did Elizabeth face when she became - Quizlet The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. - Leith blockade. In October 1586, Mary was found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. Elizabeth had also reduced the power of the northern nobles and increased her own control over the north through the Council of the North, which helped govern the area. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Oct 12, 2019 83 Dislike Podpast 106 subscribers Recap and review of the problems Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. 214 High Street, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. From allies to enemies: Queen Elizabeth and King Philip - History He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558 - Dovskapets.com [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. . 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East Sussex, BN1 3XB, Taking a break or withdrawing from your course. Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . . ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. Insolvency therefore limited the choices of the new Queen and instantly undermined her power. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. Drake also managed to capture a Spanish ship called the. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. When Mary eventually gets pregnant, Francis is initially . [Referencing this date is very good, because it demonstrates to the examiner awareness of WHY the question includes this date in the first place. He also used double agents to infiltrate Catholic networks. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. France was at war with England and Spain. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. What were the causes of westward The Catholic threat - Elizabethan Religious Settlement - AQA - BBC Bitesize Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. Philip II and the Pope supported the plot that would involve the invasion of England by the Duke of Guise. After inheriting the throne from her sister Mary I, Elizabeth was 300,000 in debt. For example, from 1567, Elizabeth allowed the Dutch sea beggars to shelter in English harbours (from where they then attacked Spanish ships in the English Channel who were making their way with men and materiel to support Albas mission). This established a new Anglo-Scottish peace and also reconfirmed the agreement at Cateau-Cambresis. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. Elizabeth I faced more difficulties as a monarch than any other Tudor. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. Student / The English army was also poorly equipped and Elizabeth did not provide sufficient funds to pay for the English troops. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. 1. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeths predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. Francis Drake led an attack at Cadiz on the Spanish fleet, who were preparing for an invasion of the English. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. During the 1570s, England was starting to have ambitions of establishing an empire of its own and had hoped to become an imperial power that could rival Spain. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. This issue of divorce creates problems for Catholics. Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. Norfolk was also expected to marry Mary. Am I doing my History A-Level coursework correctly? When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. Reasons why Philip used the Spanish Armada. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. (*fragmentary*). No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. Official Thread: (Undergraduate) Medicine 2023 Entry, St George's University of London (SGUL) A101 2023 Entry. VAT reg no 816865400. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . Write a paragraph or two. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic.
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