Now, in the Internet era there are no shortage of Cuban entrepreneurs aspiring to overcome the technological drought. In 2001, she was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal for her work on behalf of people with HIV and AIDS. Nimotuzumab has had orphan drug status in the U.S. for the treatment of glioma since 2004 and for pancreatic cancer since 2015. Gaillard, Gerald. onenote change background color; rolfe reflective model 2001 reference; tommy welch chicago fire actor; meath ireland pronunciation; texas railroad commission well search by operator Try this: Experiment by building paper airplanes to see which design performs best in flight. Ochoa, who was honored with NASAs Distinguished Service Medal, served as the director of the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, from 2013 to 2018. "Role Models in Science & Engineering Achievement: Bernardo Alberto Houssay." 30 Famous Inventors Your Students Should Know - We Are Teachers Please check your inbox to confirm. In addition to CimaVax, Roswell Park is also investigating Racotumomab and VSSP -- two more promising cancer drugs invented by CIM. For any other drug that wasnt made in Cuba, Colevas said, that ratio would probably be reversed. In Cuba, theres hope that loosening restrictions will help it catch up with the 21st century. "Mario J. Molina -- Biographical." Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? Known for: Ford not only invented the automobile; he also designed the assembly line. Chang-Daz was born in San Jos, Costa Rica, and earned his doctorate in Applied Plasma Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). 8. Photo by Ernesto. Sep. 29, 2006. Maldacenas research on the duality of conjecture was so groundbreaking, the participants of a 1998 string theory conference wrote a song to honor him called The Maldacena (sung and danced to the tune of The Macarena. It was the 1990s, after all). But after President Obama lowered sanctions in 2009, restored diplomatic ties in 2014, and removed Cuba from the State Sponsors of Terrorism list in 2015a digital revolution has dawned. Clockwise from left, in the photos above, the motors have been repurposed as coconut shredder, a key duplicator, a grinding wheel, and a shoe repair tool. She was the first Hispanic president of the American Public Health Association as well as a founding member of the Committee to End Sterilization Abuse, an organization that fought against the practice of forced sterilization. 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. Known for: When the Wright Flyer I took off from Kitty Hawk and flew for 12 seconds, the Wright brothers made history! How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. Learn more: Samuel F. B. Morse (Brittanica). May 9, 2012. Similar, yet worlds apart; that's this list in a nutshell. "Bernardo Alberto Houssay." Dr. David Armstrong, director of the Southern Arizona Limb Salvage Alliance and a professor of surgery at University of Arizona, says hes excited about the treatment, though he emphasized that Heberprot-P would still have to go through trials in the States to demonstrate its effectiveness. 1996 - 2023 NewsHour Productions LLC. These ulcers can become vulnerable to gangrene (tissue death), and in a worst-case scenario can result in toe, foot or leg amputations. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? Mndez was also the first person of African heritage in space. The New York Times. The thing that struck me most while compiling this list was the devastating effect that political forces can have on science. Since then, people huddled around smartphones has become a ubiquitous sight. Try this: Look around your classroom or home and find all the devices that use USB ports and technology. Shes also known for the invention of closed-circuit TV. 1970. Read on to find out more about some of the famous Cubans who have taken their culture around the world. The following year, he and Felix Bloch pioneered measuring a neutron's magnetic moment, that is, its tendency to align with an applied magnetic field (an important clue that the neutrally charged particle is made of electrically charged fundamental particles). Jenny Marder is a senior science writer for NASA and a freelance journalist. Houssay's research into the relationship between sugar metabolism and a pituitary hormone earned him the 1947 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine and, more importantly, marked a turning point in diabetes management. Thanks to Milsteins work, monoclonal antibodies are now used in everything from diagnostic tests to the treatments of several autoimmune diseases to alleviating COVID-19. Gloria Estefan, Desi Arnaz, Cesar Romero, Rosario Dawson, Cameron Diaz, Marco Rubio, Jeff Bezos, Eva Mendes, Pitbull, Andy Garcia, Gilbert Arenas, and Ted Cruz are just some of the famous Cubans whom the world knows and lauds. Known for: At a time when most Black men in the United States were slaves, Jennings was born free in New York City. Heres why each season begins twice. Read more about Cuban inventions in How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. Andy Ruiz, one of the only people producing 360 degree videos in Cuba, gets the technology brought in from connections in America. Leyanis Hernandez wears a pair of bluetooth headphones while skating with friends on Prado, the famous walkway in Central Havana. More than 100 public wifi zones and 180 Internet cafes have opened so far. When Major Lazer played a show in Havana in 2016, half a million people showed up. He died in 2020. Born in Mexico City in 1896, Alfonso Caso y Andrade left a career as a legal scholar to pursue his passion: understanding the nature and evolution of Mexicos pre-Hispanic cultures [PDF]. She filed her patent in 1966, and it includes innovations still used today. Steve Wozniak (1950-present) and Steve Jobs (1955-2011) Known for: "Woz and Jobs" are two of the most famous inventors of the 20th century. These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? Bernardo Houssay -- Biographical." For each one, youll find resources for more information and hands-on activities to help kids learn more about their achievements. "The Leprosy Bacillus, Circa 1873." Learn more: Benjamin Franklins Inventions. The White House is continuing to lift trade restrictions between the U.S. and Cuba. Head and neck cancers make up approximately 3 percent of all cancers in the U.S., affecting about 52,000 Americans every year. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1988/, Nobel Prize. Milstein was born to poor immigrant parents in Baha Blanca, Argentina, and attended the universities of Buenos Aires and Cambridge, where he earned his Ph.D. "The Yellow Fever Vaccine: A History." Learn more: Grace Murray HopperA Legacy of Innovation and Service. 15 Famous Cuban-Americans Gloria Estefan Born in Havana, Estefan is arguably Cuba's most famous singer. "Luis Leloir -- Biographical." For decades, Cuba has been closed off to technology. Still, the country is an unlikely global leader in public health and scientific investment. Learn more: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Lemelson-MIT. The most promising change yet came Tuesday, when the Obama administration announced that American dollars will now be usable in financial transactions in Cuba. Known for: When a medical condition caused her to lose much of her hair, Madam Walker invented a treatment system that completely revolutionized Black hair care. Try this: Experiment with the classic tin can telephone to learn more about how sound travels. June 9, 2017. (July 3, 2014) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1984458/Jacinto-Convit, Encyclopaedia Britannica. Read more about Cuban inventions in our Science Wednesday piece, How communism turned Cuba into an island of hackers and DIY engineers. 15 Of The Greatest And Most Famous Cuban Musicians - Hello Music Theory Countries of origin include: Argentina, Cuba, Spain, United States and Venezuela. That's what makes the medical prominence of Cuba all the more surprising to those who view a free market as an essential driver of scientific discovery. Sep. 2, 1988. (July 3, 2014) http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/molina-bio.html, Molina, Mario J. Try this: Use an app like Roblox to design and create your own video game experience. (July 7, 2014) http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/ochoa.html, NASA. 8 Black Inventors Who Made Daily Life Easier - HISTORY famous cuban inventions Category:Cuban inventions - Wikipedia Cuba may not have had the technology, but its had the drive for innovation. "Baruj Benacerraf -- Biographical." This list may not reflect recent changes . The electronic DJ duo Pauza, comprising of Zahira Sanchez and Paula Fernandez, play at a restaurant across the street from the U.S. Embassy in Havana. Known for: Woz and Jobs are two of the most famous inventors of the 20th century. Photo by Ernesto Oroza. Photo by Ernesto Oroza & Penelope de Bozzi. Though you probably know her best by her stage name, Rita Hayworth. (July 4, 2014) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/98025/Alfonso-Caso-y-Andrade, Encyclopedia Britannica. March 2014. Try this: Franklin is famous for experimenting with electricity. Though Jobs went on to become more well-known, he and Wozniak worked together to build the Apple I, the home computer that launched a revolution. Benacerraf later recalled how the mixture of his heritage and upbringing created difficulties for him both in America and when he later temporarily moved to Paris [sources: Benacerraf; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Nobel Prize]. Since the Cuban government opened 35 wifi hotspots in parks and plazas across the island in July 2015, theyve become ubiquitous. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? In 2006 Palmaz earned a place in the National Inventors Hall of Fame. "Yellow Fever." A charger for non-rechargable hearing aid batteries. famous cuban inventors - woodenfloorbd.com Not according to biology or history. Top 100 Famous Female Inventors in History & Modern Women Inventors C CID-201 CimaVax-EGF M Mojito N Nimotuzumab R Rum and Coke Perhaps theyll be inspired to become famous inventors themselves! Known for: Edison and Teslas rivalry is well-known. X-Ray Reflection Microscope Mexican American physicist Albert Vinicio Bez co-invented the X-ray reflection microscope. Milstein and his team developed a technique for the unlimited production of monoclonal antibodies, a type of antibody made by identical immune cells. 10 Hispanic Scientists You Should Know | HowStuffWorks Standing a maximum of 60 to 70 centimeters tall, about 2 feet, the 11 cows bred by Hernandez can be kept in a small area, feed on simple grasses and weeds, and can provide enough milk for the average Cuban family. All rights reserved. Try this: Watch this video to learn more about stem cells and their importance to modern medicine. Try this: Explore the history of the internet and find out what early web pages looked like. According to an article in the Harvard International Review, the country invests 1.17 percent of its GDP in technological researchmore than the U.S. and on the same level with Israel. "Leprosy Statistics - Latest Data." Tesla was the inventor and proponent of alternating current, which was ultimately proven more reliable than Edisons direct current. Salsa and ballet have long been staples of Cuban culture, but other dance forms are arriving. On weekends, plazas are crammed with bands and dancers showing off their salsa moves. Known for: Though hes often said to have invented peanut butter, Carvers many achievements didnt actually include that popular product. By entering your email and clicking Sign Up, you're agreeing to let us send you customized marketing messages about us and our advertising partners. Father of singers Joan Baez and Mimi Faria, Mexican-American physicist Albert Baez was the co-inventor of the X-ray reflection microscope. Spilling out of cafes and blasting from cars, music is a backdrop to daily life in Cuba. famous cuban inventions. "Johnson Space Center Director Dr. Ellen Ochoa." The first Mexican-born scientist to win a Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Mario Molina discovered the serious environmental threat posed by chlorofluorocarbon gases (CFCs). A sample: He built U.S. President Eisenhower an indoor golf-training machine, analyzed the Zapruder film and tried to locate an Egyptian pyramid's treasure chamber using cosmic rays [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; PBS; Sullivan; Wohl]. Try this: Looking for a cool science fair idea? List of Cuban Americans - Wikipedia Known for: Over the last year or so, Tsais invention has suddenly become world-famous. Reuters. Try this: Find an old CRT TV or monitor and learn how cathode ray tubes work using a strong magnet. Thank you. "Luis W. Learn more: Thomas Jefferson: Inventions & Accomplishments. It can be used as both a treatment for lung cancer patients and a preventive measure for people at high risk of the disease. Known for: If youre reading this right now, thank Tim Berners-Lee. Known for: While kids may not know Baers name, theyre sure to love his accomplishments. Find out how to build your own Da Vinci-style ornithopter with household items. These drugs aren't as fully developed as CimaVax, says Lee, but they appear to have great potential. The pair have attracted devoted fans that follow their shows across Havana. By isolating a new class of substances called sugar nucleotides, Leloir found the key to deciphering this voluminous backlog of unsolved metabolic reactions. famous cuban inventors - Kazuyasu And while they definitely belong on this list, theyre just the start of the innovators and inventors that kids ought to know. It has no known side effects, and the shot costs the Cuban government $1 to make. Roswell Park is preparing for a clinical trial to test Racotumomab in multiple myeloma, and it's prepping VSSP for three trials -- two in kidney cancer and one in breast cancer. 6: Luis Alvarez (1911-1988) Father-and-son research team Luis and Walter Alvarez peer through a star dome, which shows the orbit and location, relative to Earth, of stars and constellations. His swivel chair was an instant hit, and he also created the dumbwaiter system. 5. Learn more: Alexander Graham Bell (Brittanica). 268. "Frank Asaro, Berkeley Lab Nuclear Chemist, Dies at 86." Convit also developed a vaccination against leishmaniasis, a protozoal skin disease linked to poverty and malnutrition. Try this: Put together a basic rubber band shooter, then see if you can tinker around to improve the designs distance or accuracy. George Washington Carver, though famous for his idea of peanut butter, did far more than that. May, Leopold. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/26/world/cesar-milstein-74-who-won-joint-nobel-prize-in-medicine.html, Chinea, Eyanir. Vol. Vol. Invention/discovery . March 2014. This designation is granted to promising drugs that are not yet licensed in the U.S. MP3 players and rear-facing cameras are common additions. The Alvarezes postulated that a giant asteroid or comet hit Earth millions of years ago, causing mass extinctions. Many Cubans can't get parts to fix the old American and Russian cars, but adding electronic entertainment is becoming popular. Take these two eminent medical men both born in Caracas, Venezuela, whom you'll meet in a little bit. (July 3, 2014) http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/37619/title/The-Leprosy-Bacillus--circa-1873/, Special Offer on Antivirus Software From HowStuffWorks and TotalAV Security, Franklin Chang-Daz (1950-) and Ellen Ochoa (1958-), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Missed in History: Luis Alvarez Part I (podcast), Missed in History: Luis Alvarez Part II (podcast), 12 Deadly Diseases Cured in the 20th Century. "Death Notices (Alfonso Caso Andrade, Merle H. Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection. When asked if he regretted not winning the Nobel, Convit reportedly replied that his great regret was not curing cancer [sources: BBC; Chinea; Nobel Prize]. Thousands of students graduate with information technology degrees each year, but there are few jobs. Ted Cruz is the first Hispanic-American to serve as U.S. To wit: Mark Cuban. (July 7, 2014) http://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/about/people/orgs/bios/ochoa.html#.U7sDpfldV8E, Nobel Prize. Reed and his colleagues, who had been dispatched to Cuba to fight the disease that had killed so many soldiers during the Spanish-American War, helped Finlay improve his experiments and verified that the species now known as Aedes aegypti was indeed the culprit. "Cesar Milstein." The administration is also easing travel restrictions, allowing individuals to visit Cuba for "people to people" educational tours, whereas before Americans were only allowed to make such trips as part of a tour group. Though he created the device, which allows scientist to examine living cells, in 1948, its still considered a crucial scientific tool to this day. Invented by researchers at the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM) in Havana, CimaVax targets a growth factor in cancer cells in a way that can arrest the spread of the disease. dorfromantik switch release; lecture en ligne chevaliers d'emeraude; scorpio rising intimidating; sometimes i feel like a motherless child django; antique wicker repair near me; tupperware mid august brochure 2020; anxiety: a very short introduction; Learn more: The Legacy of Dr. George Washington Carver. Since 2006, Cuba has had a drug for foot ulcers called Heberprot-P that prevents the need for amputations. "This drug is not some new drug, [and] its been around as long as the others, Colevas said. November 2007. Instead, he gave the world the concept of crop rotation. Andy Ruiz is one of the first to produce 360-degree video in Cuba. Hes known as the Father of the Video Game and helped develop some of the earliest gaming consoles. In a way, we are: The surfaces of our cells teem with a unique array of antigens that identify us and prevent our own immune systems, under normal circumstances, from attacking those cells. Twenty years ago, Cuban leader Fidel Castro launched the Future Project, a plan to integrate the software industry into the countrys economy. LEFT: Cuban inventor Yolando Perez Baez demonstrates his engine-starting device which can work in the place of a starter motor-a component that frequently fails. It's also trying to get clinical trials underway to replicate Cuban scientists findings, per U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations. Known for: One of the most famous inventors around, Bell gave the world the telephone. In the 1910s and 1920s, she traveled thousands of miles around Mexico, South America, and Alaska, collecting some 145,000 plant specimens in just 13 years. Today, the world recognizes Cuban doctor and scientist Carlos Juan Finlay as a pioneer in the study of yellow fever. Jony Ive. All Rights Reserved. The most famous symbol of Cubas embargo-innovation balancing act are the vintage American cars. Their Cinmatographe was a three-in-one machine that could record, develop, and project films for an audience. The seven-time Grammy Award winner. "Franklin R. Chang-Daz (Ph.D.)" September 2012. Famous people of Cuba - countrylicious List of Cuban Americans - Wikipedia List of Cuban Americans Lists of Americans By US state By ethnicity or nationality Afghan African Americans African-American Jews Albanian Algerian Amish Angolan Antiguan and Barbudan Arab Argentine Armenian Asian Assyrian Australian Austrian Azerbaijani Bahamian Baloch Bangladeshi Barbadian Belarusian Belgian On the Dec. 12 episode of Sundial we are remembering the father of the ventanitas, Felipe Valls Sr. the inventor of the Miami coffee window and founder of arguably the most famous Cuban . A reported 5,000 patients worldwide have been treated with CimaVax. Though Jobs went on to become more well-known, he and Wozniak worked together to build the Apple I, the home computer that launched a revolution. 17 July 2014. Experiment with the classic tin can telephone, Put together a blood model using beads or candies, Grace Murray HopperA Legacy of Innovation and Service, The Farmboy Who Invented Television (Smithsonian Magazine), learning how to build your own door alarm, Ralph H. Baer, National Center for Simulation, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, Lemelson-MIT, deconstruct it with your class to learn about the pieces and parts inside, Ann Tsukamoto, Necessity is the Mother of Invention, Watch this video to learn more about stem cells, Check out this video to learn more about the Smart Grid, all the devices that use USB ports and technology, 16 wonderful women scientists to inspire your students, get all the latest teaching tips and ideas when you sign up for our free newsletters, 12 Tips, Tricks, and Tools for Creating Amazing Flipped Classroom Videos, 15 Memes That Show What Its Like to Teach the Week of Halloween. This story originally ran in 2016. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade (1896 - 1970)." Cancer is not one disease, but a collection of hundreds of different illnesses. "10 Hispanic Scientists You Should Know" Researchers can test the drug for rare diseases in clinical trials, but it's not available to the general public. Try this: Put together a blood model using beads or candies to learn about all the components blood contains. He shared the prize with Carl Cori and Gerty Cori (ne Radnitz), pioneers in understanding the catalytic conversion of glycogen [sources: Magill; Nobel Prize; USASEF]. Closely following them are Galileo, Pythagoras, Marie Curie, Charles Darwin and Nicola Tesla. "Leprosy Vaccine Scientist Dies, Aged 100." Subscribe to Here's the Deal, our politics newsletter. (July 7, 2014) http://yellowfever.lib.virginia.edu/reed/finlay.html, Wohl, Charles G. "Scientist as Detective: Luis Alvarez and the Pyramid Burial Chambers, the JFK Assassination, and the End of the Dinosaurs." More Americans die from lung cancer than from any other type of cancer, which is why many people are eager for CimaVax to hit the U.S. market soon. A small laptop mounted in a 1955 Ford Mercury. Heres the technology that helped scientists find itand what it may have been used for. In 1947, he established the Institute for Biochemical Research, Buenos Aires, where he began the lactose, or milk sugar, research that would lead to his great breakthrough [sources: Leloir; May]. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. Learn more: Thomas David Petite, Readworks. Known for: When he wasnt writing the Declaration of Independence or being president, Jefferson loved to tinker. VSSP, originally designed as a compound to help boost the immune response to vaccines, also appears to enhance the anti-cancer immune response. Internet cards connect customers at a wifi hotspot in Havana. New music is taking over for salsa in Havana's hippest clubs. The electric engine from the widely-owned Soviet Aurika washing machine is commonly repurposed. Page 3. He shared the award with George D. Snell, who uncovered the initial evidence for the MHC in the 1940s in mice, and Jean Dausset, the first to find a human compatibility antigen [sources: Benacerraf; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Nobel Prize]. Along with fellow chemist Sherwood Rowland, Molina found that CFCschemicals commonly used as refrigerants, and colloquially known as Freonreleased into the atmosphere were contributing to ozone depletion. "Alfonso Caso y Andrade." Known for: If you love a good Netflix binge, thank Philo Farnsworth. Born in Puerto Prncipe, Cuba, Finlay studied abroad before returning to Havana as a general practitioner and ophthalmologist with a penchant for scientific research. In 1925, Alfonso Caso y Andrade added an M.A. All rights reserved. He argued that evidence showed Indigenous peoples in the Americas formed their own cultures, independently of those in the Old World. In 2012, she was named JSC director -- the first Hispanic person and second woman to do so [sources: NASA; NASA]. Together with the linear accelerators that he helped pioneer, these revolutionized the discovery of elemental particles, which he and his team discovered by the truckload [sources: Encyclopaedia Britannica; Nobel Prize; PBS; Sullivan; Wohl]. Try this: Visit thrift shops to find an old panini press, then turn it into a printing press. Here are a few basic designs to get you started. The Great Fever. This list may not reflect recent changes . He also served as rector of UNAM and director of the National Museum and of the National Institute of Anthropology and History [sources: Anthropology News; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Gaillard; Smithsonian]. He spent much of his career working for NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and his innovations in aerospace technology are legendary. "Seeking Signs of Compatibility." The world will forever associate two names with leprosy, aka Hansen's disease: Norwegian physician Gerhard Hansen, who in 1873 discovered the bacterium that causes it; and Jacinto Convit, who created a new vaccine for the slow-acting, disfiguring and deadly disease by combining a known tuberculosis treatment with an armadillo bacterium in 1987 [sources: BBC; Encyclopaedia Britannica; Chinea; Yandell]. Photo by Enrique De La Osa/Reuters. The Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control has authorized the importation of some Cuban medicines in the past, but only enough to conduct research and clinical trials, according to a spokeswoman for the Treasury. His finding further enabled him to define five major phases of the ancient capital's history, beginning in the 8th century B.C.E., that lined up with the history of other sites. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. June 18, 2014. Racotumomab targets a molecule that scientists believe is found on all cancer cells, which means the drug could one day be effective against blood cancers as well as the solid tumors that accompany diseases like lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer. He tested its efficacy in children against diffuse pontine glioma (aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain tumors) across multiple sites in Canada and the U.S., and found that the drug wasnt effective. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. He became known in the late 1980s and 1990s, having appeared in several successful Hollywood films, including The Godfather Part III, The Untouchables, Internal Affairs and When a Man Loves a Woman. His impact was felt through his extensive papers, his widely published textbook, "Human Physiology," and his organization of the Institute of Physiology at the University of Buenos Aires, which produced such medical luminaries as Luis Leloir and Csar Milstein, both on this list [sources: Magill; Houssay; USASEF]. This bicycle has a soda bottle for a fuel tank. The cost, around $2 an hour, is prohibitive for locals, but enterprising Cubans have figured out how to divide them up to sell in smaller allotments. Try this: Follow Bill Nyes lead and try this candle-extinguishing experiment to learn how effective face masks are. 10 Famous Mexican Inventors - ThoughtCo "J. Luis Federico Leloir, or How to Do Good Science in a Hostile Environment." Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks.com article: Severo Ochoa, who was born and educated in Spain, is the most famous Hispanic scientist. regional theatre auditions In 1991, he launched the World Wide Web, and the internet as we know it was born. Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. Born in New York City in 1929, Puerto Rican-American pediatrician and healthcare advocate Helen Rodrguez Tras helped improve access to public health services for women and children in both the United States and Puerto Rico. Electronics are still hard to buy in Cuba, and often come from relatives who live in the United States. The first, a child of Spanish immigrants, spent his life in his homeland and dedicated himself to the treatment of leprosy there; the second, born of Spanish Moroccan and French Moroccan parents, spent his formative years in Paris and most of his life in America, and studied the genetic causes of autoimmune diseases. Adalberto Alvarez. Mexican-American botanist Ynes Mexia discovered two new plant genera and 500 new plant speciesand she didnt even start collecting plants until she was 51 years old [PDF]. An enduring early sex symbol, the Spanish-American actress, singer, and dancer starred in more than 60 films over nearly four decades.
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